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<font face="verdana" size="+3"><h3><b>History Of India</b></h3></font><br><br>
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This articale s about History of indian subcontinent prior to the partition of India in 1947. for the modern Republic of India. The history of India begins with evidence of human activity of "Homo sapiens" as long as 75,000 year's ago, or with earlier hominids including "Homo erectus" from about 500,000 years ago. The Indus valley civilization, which spread and flourished in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent from c,3300 to 1300 BCE, was the first major civilization in India. A sophisticated and technologically advanced urbanculture devlopedin the "Mature Harappana" period, from 2600to 1900 BCE. The Bronze Age civilization collapsed before the end of the second millennium BCE and was followed by the "Iron Age Vedic civillization" which extended over much of the "Indo-Gangetic plain" and which witnessed the rise of major polities known as the"Mahajanapadas". In one of these kingdoms "Magadha Mahavira" and "Gautam Buddha" were born in the 6<sup>th</sup> & 5<sup>th</sup> century BCE and propagated their scamanic philosophies.<br>
                         Almost all of the subcontintent was conquered by the "Maurya Empire" during 4<sup>th</sup> & 3<sup>rd</sup> centuries BCE. It subsequently became fragmented, with various parts ruled by numerous "Middle Kingdoms" for the next 1,500 years. This is known as the classical period of Indian history, during which india was sometimes been estimated to have had the "largest economy" of the ancient and medieval world controlling between one third and one fourth of the world's wealth up to the 18<sup>th</sup> century.<br>
                         Much of the northern and central india was once again united in the 4<sup>th</sup> century CE, and remained so for two centuries thereafter, under the "Gupta Empire". This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known among its admiers as the "golden Age of India". During the same time, and for several centuries afterwards, southern India. under the rule of the "Chalukyas", Cholas Pallavas, & Pandyas, experienced its own golden age. During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture & religion "Hinduism" & "Buddhism" spread to much of Asia.<br>
                         The southern state of "Kerala" had maritime businness links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Islam was introduced in kerala through this route by Muslim traders. Muslimrule in the subcontinent began in 712 CE when the Arab general "Muhammad bin Qasim" conquered "Sindh" & "Multan" in southern "punjab" in modern day Pkistan , setting the stage for several successive invasions from Central Asia between the 10<sup>th</sup> and 15<sup>th</sup> centuries CE, leading to the formation of "Muslim empires in the Indian subcontinent" such as the "Delhi Sultanate" and the "Mughal Empires".<br>
                         Mughal rule came from central Asia to cover most of the northern parts of the subcontinent. Mughal rulers, introduced central Asian art and architecture to India. In addition to the Mughals and various "Rajput" Kingdoms, several independent Hindu states, such as the "Vijayanagara Empire", the "Maratha Empire", and the "Ahom Kingdom", flourished<br>
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